Our goal was to evaluate the effects of sildenafil citrate on the physiological function of human male erectile function in order to determine if it is more effective in men with erectile dysfunction (ED). In order to achieve this goal, we conducted a two-way crossover study of sildenafil citrate, which is known as Viagra, in men with ED. We tested the effect of sildenafil citrate on the erectile function of the corpus cavernosum of male rats with ED. Sildenafil citrate significantly improved erectile function in male rats when administered to a model of erectile dysfunction (ED) when compared to vehicle, in addition to improving erectile function in the corpus cavernosum. These results support the concept of a novel mechanism of action of sildenafil citrate in ED.
Citation:Lundell J, Shamsman D (2013) Efficacy of sildenafil citrate on the physiological function of male erectile function in rats. PLoS ONE 8(6): e002586. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.002586
Editor:Olivier Légaré, University of Marseille
Received:July 9, 2012;Accepted:August 17, 2012;Published:September 12, 2012
Copyright:© 2012 Lundell et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Data Availability:All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Funding:This work was supported by the University of Marseille Research Programme (MRP and GIP), grant agreement number DE-2201-ideal-G. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Competing interests:The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
The use of drugs has long been of interest as a potential treatment for erectile dysfunction (ED) []. However, in some countries such as the United Kingdom and France, there is a lack of evidence regarding the efficacy of sildenafil citrate on the erectile function of men with ED []. In particular, recent research suggests that sildenafil citrate may be effective in men with ED []. It has been shown that sildenafil citrate has a low negative impact on erectile function in men with ED compared to placebo [, ]. This is because sildenafil citrate does not act directly on phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors, which are present in the erectile tissue and can have an effect on the PDE inhibitor enzyme, phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE-5) [] and, consequently, on other phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE-5) related enzymes, such as cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP-cGMP) [, ]. There are no available studies in humans to compare sildenafil citrate with nitroglycerin. This study was conducted to determine the effects of sildenafil citrate on the physiological function of male erectile function in rats.
Sildenafil citrate is a phosphodiesterase inhibitor used for the treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. In this study, we tested the effects of sildenafil citrate on the physiological function of male rats with ED. We assessed the effects of sildenafil citrate on the physiological function of the corpus cavernosum of male rats with ED.
Rats were obtained from the University of Marseille and housed in the Department of Rats breeding-house. Male rats (30-40 g) received a single 100 mg/kg of sildenafil citrate intraperitoneally (i.p.) daily for 3 weeks. The protocol was approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Marseille (A-13/061/0006) and the National Ethics Committee (Protocol No.
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Viagra (sildenafil) is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is the inability to get or keep an erection for satisfactory sexual activity in men, also known as impotence. Sildenafil belongs to a class of medications called phosphodiesterase type5 (PDE5) inhibitors. Viagra works by relaxing muscles found in the walls of blood vessels and increasing blood flow to the penis during sexual stimulation to get and keep an erection. Keep in mind that Viagra does not cure erectile dysfunction or increase sexual desire.
under the brand Revatio is also used to treat pulmonary atrial hypertension (PAH). If you are taking Revatio do not take Viagra unless directed by your physician.
The recommended dose is 50mg about 1 hour before sexual activity, but it can be taken from 30 minutes to 4 hours before intercourse. The maximum daily dosage is once per day, with or without food. The dosage can be increased to 100mg or decreased to 25mg based on toleration and effectiveness. Viagra 100mg are available in KamaHealth.
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The most common side effects consist of the following:
If you are a heart patient, sexual activity could put extra strain on your heart. If you experience the following serious side effects while having sex, stop and get medical help right away. The side effects include:
Some patients may experience serious side effects; if you experience these, get medical help right away. Serious side effects include:
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Take note: This medicine is available only with a valid doctor's prescription.Alli is not recommended for use in women, children, or those with certain health conditions. Do not take this medicine with any other medication based on its containnce.Viagra is taken with a well-balanced, low-fat, low-sodium diet and is found in both the blood and theDEA class of medications. It is an that contains sildenafil. The class of medications includes both prescription and nonprescription medications. The dose of Viagra varies with the severity of edema (swelling) in patients with severeas well as patients with PAH. Viagra 100mg are available. Take this medicine about 20 minutes before sexual activity. Viagra can start with a low dose and may slightly increase the time it takes to get over the edge of overdose. Do not take Viagra more than once a day is not recommended.
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Viagra is used to treat erectile dysfunction. Erectile dysfunction is the inability to get an erection forinducing a heterosexual intercourse. Viagra belongs to a class of drugs called classwered medications.
Viagra has been shown to cause some mild side effects. Talk to your health care provider if these do not go away within a few days. If you begin to experience more serious reactions, seek medical attention immediately.
Common side effects reported from Viagra use include:
More severe side effects include:
If you experience any of these side effects, seek medical attention immediately. These are symptoms of a severe adverse reaction to this medication that require immediate treatment.
As with all prescription medications, inform your doctor of any medical conditions you currently manage. Tell them about any and all medications, prescription drugs, and supplements you are taking before starting treatment with Viagra. Viagra can interact with bodily substances, causing potentially serious adverse reactions.
Specifically, you should inform your health care provider of any nitrate medication you are taking. Remember to mention any herbal products you use, especially St. John’s wort.
In addition, let your doctor know if you have recently had heart surgery or experience chest pain during sex. If you experience any changes in your heartbeat or chest pain during sex, contact your health care provider immediately.
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If you experience a sudden decrease or stop breathing, contact your health care provider immediately.
As with all prescription medications, inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or if you are breastfeeding. As with all prescription medications, inform your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to breastfeed, or if you are breastfeeding. The U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved, endorse, or sold you personally endorsed by Pharmac Priority for this product.
In addition, let your doctor know if you are, or are in, or are considering developing a rapid heartbeat or chest pain, as Viagra can interact with the heartbeat, causing potentially serious adverse reactions.
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Viagra may raise DPP-Improved Dihydrotestosterone (DEX) levels in some men. DEX is a hormone that your body uses to improve the amount of time it takes to get and maintain an erection. Viagra may also affect the results of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) tests performed on healthy volunteers.
DEX can be a real issue for some men, especially those with medical conditions like prostate cancer. If Viagra is used alone in these cases, doctors may recommend adding DEX to the blood test. It’s important to tell your health care provider if you are taking DEX before starting treatment with Viagra, as it may affect the results of the PSA test.
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Viagra is a popular medication used to treat erectile dysfunction (ED) in men. Sildenafil, the active ingredient in Viagra, works by increasing blood flow to the penis, resulting in improved erectile function. Tadalafil, the active ingredient in Viagra, works by relaxing the blood vessels in the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and resulting in improved erectile function. Each tablet of Viagra contains 100mg of sildenafil citrate, a medication that works to treat ED.
When blood flows into the penis, a small amount of blood is released and this blood is then pumped out by the penis. Sildenafil increases blood flow and allows for increased blood flow during sexual stimulation. Tadalafil helps to relax the blood vessels in the penis, allowing for increased blood flow and resulting in improved erectile function.
Viagra lasts for 4-6 hours, while Sildenafil can last up to 36 hours. It is important to note that the effects of Viagra will last for up to 36 hours after ingestion. Therefore, it is recommended to take Viagra as soon as possible after the onset of sexual activity, or when the effects of Viagra are felt.
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If you experience any severe or persistent side effects, such as sudden vision loss, hearing loss, chest pain or shortness of breath, seek medical attention immediately.
In rare cases, more serious side effects can occur such as allergic reactions, seizures, chest pain, vision changes or changes in hearing, or priapism (prolonged and painful erection).
If you experience any of the following side effects, stop taking Viagra and contact your doctor immediately:
If you experience any serious side effects such as vision changes or sudden hearing loss, stop taking Viagra and contact your doctor immediately.
Inform your doctor about any medical conditions you have, including heart problems, liver or kidney problems, or are taking nitrates.
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